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Location: West Sussex UK
Joined: Jan 2010
Posts: 2,044
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And of course, as has been said many times, the level of pain/discomfort/sensation varies from dog to dog, and even within the same dog depending on the circumstances under which the shock is administered. So it's really quite useless & ridiculous to say that that devices like shock collars only cause discomfort. And then to say that you can tell the level of "discomfort" by observing the dog's behaviour is just as difficult because the behaviour also varies from dog to dog, & within that same dog.
The only way to ensure that the dog does not experience pain/discomfort/sensation is not to use one of these devices in the first place!