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Location: Scotland, UK
Joined: Mar 2011
Posts: 693
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Hi Alainelizabeth!
It sounds like his former owners taught him rather a lot, actually... of the wrong things. It sounds to me like you have a deeply confused and unhappy dog on your hands. You're probably right that he's been mistreated in the past. Pooing in the crate-- that could indicate that he's been left confined for such long periods of time that that was his only option and he doesn't care anymore. The rapid switches in behaviour might be showing that he doesn't really know how to act, snapping and snarling one minute, going all-out submissive the next. Maybe it's his equivalent of shouting, since no one has listened to him in the past? Of course we don't know exactly what's happened, and it's extremely unlikely that his former owners are going to tell you. One thing that I notice is missing from your description is him acting normal. Does he ever seem to be happy and relaxed, or is he always this way? It seems evident that the poor dog has been damaged. Unfortunately you probably have some work cut out for you fixing it.
Don't dwell on the past too much, though. He doesn't-- he's been saddled with a terrible upbringing, but his situation is different now, and now is where you need to focus. Now he can expect not to be whacked or shouted at. Now he doesn't have to growl and snap to get some space. He doesn't know that yet, and it will take him some time to learn normality. I agree with Brenda above: go right back to basics and treat him as if he doesn't know anything.
It'll be hard, but try not to coddle him. Of course you see he's not happy and you want to comfort him, but you might be inadvertently reinforcing behaviours you need him to unlearn. If he's fine with you on the couch, ok-- but he doesn't need to be included if he's snarling and biting other people. He's almost certainly not doing it because he likes it (and he can't be doing it out of spite; dogs don't have the neural architecture to support that particular brand of cognition); more likely he finds the situation stressful and is reacting to it in the only way he knows how. If you remove him from that situation, you're also taking away the source of the stress. He will probably find it confusing, but that's okay-- and he needs to learn that he can't bite your family and friends. Put him on the floor, or in another room, away from things that are going to trigger him. Give him something to do, a stuffed treat to chew on or a cardboard box to shred. He might put up a fuss, but you're not hurting him, you're just treating him like a normal dog, and every single time you calmly put him in a safe place, don't yell at or hit him, and give him something nice, you're reinforcing that he can expect such nice, rational behaviour from you-- and coincidentally that you don't like him snarling at your family. With the submissive urination, try to make as little fuss about it as possible. Totally ignore it if you can. That signals to him that he can make this display all he likes, but you don't care. Not to fuss over him, and not to scream and smack him: it has no impact. If you can let him outside while you clean it up, that could help, since he won't see you do it and as far as he's concerned you had nothing to do with it at all. Bear in mind that even negative reinforcement can be seen as desirable by some dogs, if that's what they've learned to expect. By ignoring and blanking the submissive urination you're showing him that there's no need for it.
He's probably scent-marking your home by doing his business all over the place. He'll want to target areas of high use, that smell most like you-- like your toddler's pillow. Ecch. As he starts to learn more balanced behaviour, this will likely get better as well... think of it as a holistic approach. There aren't going to be any overnight solutions, but you're a kind, rational person from whom he can expect caring, consistent behaviour-- unfortunately he doesn't know that yet and you're just going to have to keep reinforcing it by keeping being a calm, nice, rational, normal person. I am wishing you well on this one. Please keep us posted!