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Location: Essex, UK
Joined: Jan 2008
Posts: 14,147
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I fear someone so insensitive as to consider torture to train an animal will only believe what they want. However - here`s a bit of info.....
Polsky study
Polsky discusses the effect of shock collar-based fencing on the behavior of dogs, citing incidents in which dogs exposed to this type of containment committed severe aggressive attacks on humans on or near the boundary of the fence system.(Polsky 2000) As suggested by other research, dogs may make inappropriate associations between shock and other experiences. In every incident, the dog was within the "shock zone" and all fences were working; the dogs must then have received a shock. Four of the five dogs were not subject to threatening behavior by the victims prior to the attack. None of the dogs gave any kind of warning prior to biting, and all bit their victims repeatedly and seriously in the head, face, back and neck.
The analysis suggests that the dogs' aggression was caused by the shock. There are several unknown factors to the cases, including the training used to introduce the dog to the fence, the amount of time the dog spent outside unsupervised, and what level of shock intensity the dogs received. However, the reaction of the dogs, and especially the severity of the attacks, was inconsistent with their past behavior.
Polsky concluded a "possible interpretation in terms of unconditioned aggression as a result of a dog having received electronic shock and avoidance-motivated aggression mediated through fear reduction toward human stimuli."
Polsky, R.H. (2000), "Can aggression be elicited through electronic pet containment systems", Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 3: 345–357, doi:10.1207/S15327604JAWS0304_6 .
Schalke et al. study
Schalke et al.'s study sought to investigate whether stress is caused by the use of electronic collars, in an attempt to evaluate their impact on animal welfare. (Schalke et al. 2007) Heart rate and saliva cortisol were used to determine the stress levels in three groups of dogs: those who received a shock whenever they performed a specific behavior; those who received a shock when they did not obey a command; and those who received random shocks. The first group did not show a significant rise in cortisol levels; the other two groups did show a significant rise, with the third group showing the highest level of cortisol.
From this the researchers concluded that the dogs who could clearly associate the shock with their action, and as a result were able to predict and control whether they received a shock, did not suffer from considerable or persistent stress. The evidence of increased stress in the other groups was felt to support earlier findings that poor timing and/or inappropriate use of a shock collar puts the dog at high risk of severe and ongoing stress. They conclude that
"the general use of electronic shock collars is not consistent with animal welfare."
Schalke, E.; Stichnoth, J.; Ott, S.; Jones-Baade, R. (2007), "Clinical signs caused by the use of electric training collars on dogs in everyday life situations", Applied Animal Behaviour Science 105: 369, doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2006.11.002 .
Barking and Shock Collars
The risks of using an electric shock to modify behaviour extend to the treatment of other behaviour problems in dogs such as barking. Dogs learn by association - when using a shock collar there is always a risk that the dog may associate the shock with something other than the behaviour that people are trying to stop. For instance, if a shock is administered for barking, there is a danger that the dog might associate a nearby child with the pain of the shock, rather than its own barking. This could lead to the dog developing distrust or even fear of children. Another significant risk with the use of shock collars is that rather than linking the shock to the wrong thing, a dog may not be able to link the shock to anything at all! This often results in the dog becoming totally confused, anxious and stressed as it repeatedly suffers the pain of the electric shock for no apparent reason.
APBC report
http://www.apbc.org.uk/articles/shockcollars